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                Linux定时同步文件夹
              
            
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        <h1 id="rsync-简介"><a href="#rsync-简介" class="headerlink" title="rsync 简介"></a>rsync 简介</h1><p>Rsync是linux/Unix文件同步和传送工具。用于替代rcp的一个工具，可通过 LAN/WAN 快速同步多台主机之间的文<br>件。也可以使用 rsync 同步本地硬盘中的不同目录。rsync 使用所谓的rsync算法进行数据同步，这种算法只传送两个文件的不同部分，而不是每次都整份传送，因此速度相当快。</p>
<p>本次使用rsync定时同步两台机器间的文件夹，Linux是redhat6.5，默认已经安装了rsync.<br><a id="more"></a></p>
<h1 id="同步文件夹"><a href="#同步文件夹" class="headerlink" title="同步文件夹"></a>同步文件夹</h1><p>首次使用如下命令进行全量同步，并将同步的日志记录在/var/logs/rsync.log文件中。<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">rsync -ravpogt --log-file=/var/logs/rsync.log --log-file-format=&apos;%i %o %f %M %t&apos; /source/path IP:/target/path</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>会显示同步的日志<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sending incremental file list</span><br><span class="line">....</span><br><span class="line">....</span><br><span class="line">....</span><br><span class="line">sent 5117763 bytes  received 90 bytes  2047141.20 bytes/sec</span><br><span class="line">total size is 77135632871  speedup is 15071.87</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>第一次同步完成，就需要定时去执行这个命令了，Linux的cron正好可以做这件事,将上面命令保存到一个文件中，并设置可执行权限.<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">vim syncfile.sh</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>加入下面内容：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">rsync -ravpogt --log-file=/var/logs/rsync.log --log-file-format=&apos;%i %o %f %M %t&apos; /source/path IP:/target/path</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>注意要修改IP目录等信息。<br>设置可执行权限<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">chmod 755 syncfile.sh</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>然后定时执行这个文件就可以。<br>使用命令编辑定时任务内容：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">crontab -e</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>增加内容如下：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">* * * * * sh /root/syncfile.sh</span><br><span class="line">* * * * * sleep 3 &amp;&amp; sh /root/syncfile.sh</span><br><span class="line">* * * * * sleep 6 &amp;&amp; sh /root/syncfile.sh</span><br><span class="line">* * * * * sleep 9 &amp;&amp; sh /root/syncfile.sh</span><br><span class="line">* * * * * sleep 12 &amp;&amp; sh /root/syncfile.sh</span><br><span class="line">* * * * * sleep 15 &amp;&amp; sh /root/syncfile.sh</span><br><span class="line">* * * * * sleep 18 &amp;&amp; sh /root/syncfile.sh</span><br><span class="line">* * * * * sleep 21 &amp;&amp; sh /root/syncfile.sh</span><br><span class="line">* * * * * sleep 24 &amp;&amp; sh /root/syncfile.sh</span><br><span class="line">* * * * * sleep 27 &amp;&amp; sh /root/syncfile.sh</span><br><span class="line">* * * * * sleep 30 &amp;&amp; sh /root/syncfile.sh</span><br><span class="line">* * * * * sleep 33 &amp;&amp; sh /root/syncfile.sh</span><br><span class="line">* * * * * sleep 36 &amp;&amp; sh /root/syncfile.sh</span><br><span class="line">* * * * * sleep 39 &amp;&amp; sh /root/syncfile.sh</span><br><span class="line">* * * * * sleep 42 &amp;&amp; sh /root/syncfile.sh</span><br><span class="line">* * * * * sleep 45 &amp;&amp; sh /root/syncfile.sh</span><br><span class="line">* * * * * sleep 48 &amp;&amp; sh /root/syncfile.sh</span><br><span class="line">* * * * * sleep 51 &amp;&amp; sh /root/syncfile.sh</span><br><span class="line">* * * * * sleep 54 &amp;&amp; sh /root/syncfile.sh</span><br><span class="line">* * * * * sleep 57 &amp;&amp; sh /root/syncfile.sh</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>上面的内容是指每三秒执行一次syncfile.sh。</p>
<h1 id="rsync-参数"><a href="#rsync-参数" class="headerlink" title="rsync 参数"></a>rsync 参数</h1><p>rsync参数<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">-v, --verbose                  详细模式输出</span><br><span class="line">-q, --quiet                       精简输出模式</span><br><span class="line">-c, --checksum               打开校验开关，强制对文件传输进行校验</span><br><span class="line">-a, --archive                   归档模式，表示以递归方式传输文件，并保持所有文件属性，等于-rlptgoD</span><br><span class="line">-r, --recursive                 对子目录以递归模式处理</span><br><span class="line">-R, --relative                  使用相对路径信息</span><br><span class="line">-b, --backup                  创建备份，也就是对于目的已经存在有同样的文件名时，将老的文件重新命名为~filename。可以使用--suffix选项来指定不同的备份文件前缀。</span><br><span class="line">--backup-dir                  将备份文件(如~filename)存放在在目录下。</span><br><span class="line">-suffix=SUFFIX             定义备份文件前缀</span><br><span class="line">-u, --update                   仅仅进行更新，也就是跳过所有已经存在于DST，并且文件时间晚于要备份的文件。(不覆盖更新的文件)</span><br><span class="line">-l, --links                         保留软链结</span><br><span class="line">-L, --copy-links              想对待常规文件一样处理软链结</span><br><span class="line">--copy-unsafe-links        仅仅拷贝指向SRC路径目录树以外的链结</span><br><span class="line">--safe-links                     忽略指向SRC路径目录树以外的链结</span><br><span class="line">-H, --hard-links              保留硬链结</span><br><span class="line">-p, --perms                    保持文件权限</span><br><span class="line">-o, --owner                    保持文件属主信息</span><br><span class="line">-g, --group                     保持文件属组信息</span><br><span class="line">-D, --devices                 保持设备文件信息</span><br><span class="line">-t, --times                      保持文件时间信息</span><br><span class="line">-S, --sparse                   对稀疏文件进行特殊处理以节省DST的空间</span><br><span class="line">-n, --dry-run                  现实哪些文件将被传输</span><br><span class="line">-W, --whole-file             拷贝文件，不进行增量检测</span><br><span class="line">-x, --one-file-system      不要跨越文件系统边界</span><br><span class="line">-B, --block-size=SIZE   检验算法使用的块尺寸，默认是700字节</span><br><span class="line">-e, --rsh=COMMAND 指定使用rsh、ssh方式进行数据同步</span><br><span class="line">--rsync-path=PATH      指定远程服务器上的rsync命令所在路径信息</span><br><span class="line">-C, --cvs-exclude          使用和CVS一样的方法自动忽略文件，用来排除那些不希望传输的文件</span><br><span class="line">--existing                      仅仅更新那些已经存在于DST的文件，而不备份那些新创建的文件</span><br><span class="line">--delete                         删除那些DST中SRC没有的文件</span><br><span class="line">--delete-excluded          同样删除接收端那些被该选项指定排除的文件</span><br><span class="line">--delete-after                传输结束以后再删除</span><br><span class="line">--ignore-errors             及时出现IO错误也进行删除</span><br><span class="line">--max-delete=NUM     最多删除NUM个文件</span><br><span class="line">--partial                        保留那些因故没有完全传输的文件，以是加快随后的再次传输</span><br><span class="line">--force                          强制删除目录，即使不为空</span><br><span class="line">--numeric-ids                不将数字的用户和组ID匹配为用户名和组名</span><br><span class="line">--timeout=TIME IP       超时时间，单位为秒</span><br><span class="line">-I, --ignore-times          不跳过那些有同样的时间和长度的文件</span><br><span class="line">--size-only                    当决定是否要备份文件时，仅仅察看文件大小而不考虑文件时间</span><br><span class="line">--modify-window=NUM 决定文件是否时间相同时使用的时间戳窗口，默认为0</span><br><span class="line">-T --temp-dir=DIR      在DIR中创建临时文件</span><br><span class="line">--compare-dest=DIR   同样比较DIR中的文件来决定是否需要备份</span><br><span class="line">-P 等同于 --partial</span><br><span class="line">--progress                    显示备份过程</span><br><span class="line">-z, --compress             对备份的文件在传输时进行压缩处理</span><br><span class="line">--exclude=PATTERN  指定排除不需要传输的文件模式</span><br><span class="line">--include=PATTERN   指定不排除而需要传输的文件模式</span><br><span class="line">--exclude-from=FILE   排除FILE中指定模式的文件</span><br><span class="line">--include-from=FILE   不排除FILE指定模式匹配的文件</span><br><span class="line">--version                      打印版本信息</span><br><span class="line">--address                     绑定到特定的地址</span><br><span class="line">--config=FILE             指定其他的配置文件，不使用默认的rsyncd.conf文件</span><br><span class="line">--port=PORT              指定其他的rsync服务端口</span><br><span class="line">--blocking-io               对远程shell使用阻塞IO</span><br><span class="line">-stats                           给出某些文件的传输状态</span><br><span class="line">--progress                   在传输时现实传输过程</span><br><span class="line">--log-format=formAT  指定日志文件格式</span><br><span class="line">--password-file=FILE 从FILE中得到密码</span><br><span class="line">--bwlimit=KBPS         限制I/O带宽，KBytes per second</span><br><span class="line">-h, --help                    显示帮助信息</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>

      
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